Pick a card: Price ranges and gift card choice

Gift cards are wildly popular with consumers. Vast assortments of gift cards are available at many regional and national retail stores (e.g., grocery, convenience, home improvement). The present research examines consumer reactions to price range amounts displayed on gift cards (e.g., $20-$100; $25-$250). Commonly affixed to gift cards to convey possible purchase loads, price ranges appear to serve as contextual information for a desired purchase load as a gift that can affect beliefs about the recipient's views of the gift card i.e., metaperceptions. Specifically, these metaperceptions tend to be more negative for a gift card displaying a price range when the desired purchase load is the lower bound rather than the upper bound. These beliefs can, in turn, affect gift card choice, but only when social risk is applicable. Four studies provide support for the theory.     

石油产品常压馏程的分析测定

常压馏程的测定对石油产品的工艺调整至关重要,本文介绍了NDI 440全自动常压蒸馏仪中各部件的工作原理,列举了此仪器常见故障产生的可能原因及解决方法,最后归纳了实验条件的选取及注意事项。     

从陶朱五字商训看阿尔迪的成功

以陶朱五字商训为主线,从五个方面分析了阿尔迪的经商原则,总结出了阿尔迪值得借鉴的成功经验：天,企业经营理念和明确的行为准则;地,商家诚信;人,仁,商家对待内外部的态度和原则;神,开拓事业的勇气和魄力;鬼,经商的手法。     

关于吸油烟机的国家标准和IEC标准中一些错误和修订建议

本文指出了现有吸油烟机国家标准和IEC标准中的一些错误和不足之处，并提出了修订建议，可以使吸油烟机检测更符合实际，提高检测精度，提高工作效率。这些改进措施在沈阳“国家日用金属制品质量监督检验中心”经过试验，证明是切实有效的，但如要采纳为标准内容，应作进一步研究。     

改进原料气取样方法 提高丙烯含量分析结果平行性

分析了目前原料气罐车三次取样丙烯含量极差较大的问题,阐述了如何改进原料气取样方法,提高丙烯含量分析结果平行性。     

Socially optimal replacement of conventional with electric vehicles for the US household fleet

In this study, a framework is proposed for minimizing the societal cost of replacing gas-powered household passenger cars with battery electric ones (BEVs). The societal cost consists of operational costs of heterogeneous driving patterns' cars, government investments for charging deployment, and monetized environmental externalities. The optimization framework determines the timeframe needed for conventional vehicles to be replaced with BEVs. It also determines the BEVs driving range during the planning timeframe, as well as the density of public chargers deployed on a linear transportation network over time. We leverage data sets that represent US household driving patterns, as well as the automobile and the energy markets, to apply the model. Results indicate that it takes 8 years for 80% of our conventional vehicle sample to be replaced with electric vehicles, under the base case scenario. The socially optimal all-electric driving range is 204 miles, with chargers placed every 172 miles on a linear corridor. All public chargers should be deployed at the beginning of the planning horizon to achieve greater savings over the years. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the timeframe for the socially optimal conversion of 80% of the sample varies from 6 to 12 years. The optimal decision variables are sensitive to battery pack and vehicle body cost, gasoline cost, the discount rate, and conventional vehicles' fuel economy. Faster conventional vehicle replacement is achieved when the gasoline cost increases, electricity cost decreases, and battery packs become cheaper over the years.     

本振相位噪声对接收机性能的影响

针对工程中本振相位噪声对接收机的影响常难以估量的问题,提出利用等效相位白噪声谱密 度进行评估的方法。通过分析相位噪声的产生及其对剩余误码率和动态范围的影响机理,仿 真了不同相位噪声对误码率的影响程度。通过仿真结果可知：相位噪声对接收机性能具有重 要的影响,工程中应针对不同的应用场合要求合理的相位噪声指标。     

消防应急救援范围研究

消防应急救援不同于其他应急救援,它是《消防法》赋予公安机关消防机构的一项法定职责,但是,对于这一法定职责的范围,从《消防法》的规定中还难以得出一个清晰的答案。为此,有必要运用法律解释的方法,并结合公安机关消防机构的职能,对消防应急救援的范围进行深入探讨,以求得出一个既符合法学理论,又符合公安机关消防机构应急救援实践的答案,这个范围就是以抢救人员生命为主作为标准,并以此提出消防应急救援范围立法完善的建议。     

经济法研究范围的经济学思考

经济法与经济学之间有着内在的学科联系。经济法作为一个独立的法学部门,需要划定自身的研究范围,其研究范围体现着经济法的特征,这些特性可以用经济学的视角与理论加以分析,进而支持经济的制度安排和明确其研究范围。     

Characteristic properties of multivariate survival functions in terms of residual life distributions

This paper discusses the relationships among some characteristic properties of the multivariate survival function based on the residual life distribution, and provides the conditions for their equivalence. In the meanwhile, the corrected version of Ma (1996, Theorem 1 (ii) and (iii)) is given.